What are methods in programming? -Kalle Tech (2023)

What are methods in programming? how to use them Why should I care? Today I will answer all these questions. Let's see what methods are in programming. Methods are one of the things that make your code really powerful. And that is also an important part of what is called"Object-Oriented Programming" (OOP). It's a concept that needs to be understood. Don't worry though, by the end of this article you will have a much better understanding of what they are and how to use them.

What methods are there?:

There are three main types of methods; Interface methods, constructor methods and implementation methods. Today we focus on implementation methods. What is the main way to use the methods. Once you understand this, you will automatically understand the other two. So for now, don't worry about learning the other types. Also, you may have heard of "functions" in programming. A function is the same as a method. Just a different name. I wanted to address this upfront, in case you're wondering.

Here is an example of what a method might look like:

String getMyName() { return "Kalle Hallden";}

What does this method do? Let's break it down. This method contains four important parts:

Methodensignatur

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getMyName()

Method body, everything inside the curly braces {}

{regress "Kalle Hallden";}

return type

line

Return Policy

Devolve "Kalle Hallden";

Methodensignatur:

What this method does when explained in natural language is that it gets a name. Specifically, it gets my name. This is the first clue as to what the name of the method should be. This means; What is the method supposed to do? You can name your method anything you like.
Example:

String getMyFirstnameAndMyLastNameBecauseIFeelLikeIt() { return "Kalle Hallden";}

However, for cleaner, more readable code, it is common practice to give it a name that is as short as possible. As much readability as possible is retained. To choose a name, you first need to figure out what you want the method to do. Ideally, everyone should be able to just read your method name and understand what it's doing.

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This has two purposes. First, it helps you understand what you've written in the past. Beyond you dived into the code. Because beyond you everything makes sense. Future you has been working on ten new projects in four more languages. Future you doesn't remember any of these codes. If you've created good method names in the past, maybe you'll understand how your code works in the future. The second purpose is that when writing human-readable method names, you should constrain what the method should do. If you try to make the method do too many things, your method name will become so long that it becomes unreadable. That means you should probably split your method into two separate methods. For example, the method name “getMyFirstnameAndMyLastNameBecauseIFeelLikeIt” written above. What is this method supposed to do? It should contain my first and last name. We could improve the method name by shortening it to "getMyFirstAndLastName". But it's still quite long. It works but it's a bit too long. Beyond that, it's clear that it does two things. So we could improve this further by splitting it into two methods:

getMyFirstName()getMyLastName()

This improves our code in three ways. The two we just discussed increase readability and reduce what each method is supposed to do. Each method is responsible for getting only part of my name. The third improvement is that it allows us to get just my first name or just my last name. That's great if we don't want the full name in the future. Before that we would have to call the getMyFirstAndLastName method and then remove my last name from what we get, which is super complicated and unnecessary. This is often referred to as increased reusability, which is one of the main benefits of OOP. The ideal is to write clean and reusable code. Whatclean codersWe don't want to have to type anything twice. Keeping the scope (what it's supposed to do) of your method as small as possible ensures that the code you create is as clean and easy to understand as possible.

method body:

That's everything between the parentheses. For example, you can create new ones herevariables, perform calculations, call other methods, etc.

{ String newVariable = "Hello"; int calculation = 10 * 2; Call another method ();}

This would be called the scope of our method. Everything that is done within this framework is therefore only available to us within the framework of the method. This wouldn't work:

{ String myName = "Kalle";}myName = "New Name";

The reason for this is that we created the variable myName inside the scope of our method, so we can't access it outside of the scope of our method. However, as part of our method, we can access things that are out of scope. As long as the things we want to access are not in another area. So this would work:

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String myName = "Kalle";{ myName = "New Name";}

Return type and return statement:

String getMyName() { return "Kalle Hallden"; }

The last part of each method is in the return statement. Here we are returning the value we want to return. This can be anything as long as it matches the return type of our method.

In our case, the return type is a string. Return type means that what this method returns to us must be a variable of type String. When we call getMyName() in our code, we know we're getting a string. Calling a method means every time we use the method signature in our code. When we write methodName() we call this method. The correct call to our getMyName() method would be as follows:

String meinName = getMyName();

The reason this is the correct way to call this method is because the method returns a string. Since it returns a string, let's access that string. So we want to store it in a variable. After calling our method like this, we can access what we get from our getMyName() simply by using our myName variable. The variable myName is now equal to what our method returns:

String getMyName() { return "Kalle Hallden"; }String myName = getMyName(); // myName is now equal to "Kalle Hallden"

There are as many return types as there are variable types. Our method could return an int, double, string, bool, etc. But there is also another kind of return here. That's called emptiness. If a method has a void return type, it means that the method does not return anything. Empty methods are mainly used to set things. That is, if we have a variable called myName that doesn't already have a value. A void method can then be used to assign a specific value to that variable. I like this:

String myName;void setMyName() { myName = "Kalle Hallden"; }

As you can see, there is no return statement. In this case, calling the method would look like this:

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setMyName();

super easy. Because the method doesn't return a value, we don't need to and can't store what it returns. Because it doesn't return anything.

More on the method signature:

Alright, I hope you now have a good understanding of how to use the methods. The last thing I want to show you is the cool part about method signatures. As you may have noticed, we always end our method names with parentheses. This also has some pretty powerful abilities. Because we can add so-called input parameters to the signature of our method. What looks like this:

String getMoneyAfterTaxes(doble salario) { return salario * 0.6; }

As you can see we added two things to our method signature. Inside the brackets you can declare input parameters. In this case we are declaring that this method 'takes' a variable of type double as input. And you can access it inside the method by calling Salary. This means that when we call this method, we can also provide input. What would look like this:

Double moneyAfterTaxes = getMoneyAfterTaxes(555.5);

So now our method calculates salary * 0.6. And the salary was set at 555.5. Because that's what we gave as input. Within the parentheses of our method, we declare variables. Then when we call our method, we set the value of that variable by putting a value in the brackets. Another example would be:

void printEntries(String inputOne, String inputTwo, String inputThree) { print(entryOne + inputTwo + inputThree); }

You can add as many input parameters as you want. But then again, the convention is “less is more”. You should always use the smallest amount possible. To preserve readability.

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Conclusion:

That's all for Lesson 2. I hope you now have a good understanding of programming methods. Feel free to leave a comment if you didn't understand something and I'll try to explain it more clearly. The next lesson is about if else and catch statements!

If you missed lesson one (what are variables in programming), watch it here:Flutter Zero to One Lesson #1 What are variables in programming?

FAQs

What are methods in programming? ›

In object-oriented programming, a method is a programmed procedure that is defined as part of a class and included in any object of that class. A class (and thus an object) can have more than one method.

What is a method in code? ›

A method is a block of code which only runs when it is called. You can pass data, known as parameters, into a method. Methods are used to perform certain actions, and they are also known as functions.

What are methods in programming with examples? ›

A method in Java programming sets the behavior of a class object. For example, an object can send an area message to another object and the appropriate formula is invoked whether the receiving object is a rectangle , circle , triangle , etc.

What are some coding methods? ›

Read about various types of coding.
  • Thematic Analysis Coding. Find recurring patterns and themes. ...
  • Pattern Coding. ...
  • Focused coding / selective coding. ...
  • Axial coding. ...
  • Theoretical coding. ...
  • Elaborative coding. ...
  • Longitudinal coding. ...
  • Content analysis coding.

What is example of methods? ›

Methods are the specific tools and procedures you use to collect and analyze data (for example, experiments, surveys, and statistical tests).

What is a method in Python? ›

A method is a function that “belongs to” an object. (In Python, the term method is not unique to class instances: other object types can have methods as well. For example, list objects have methods called append, insert, remove, sort, and so on.

What is a method in SQL? ›

A method is procedure or function that is part of the object type definition, and that can operate on the attributes of the type. Such methods are also called member methods, and they take the keyword MEMBER when you specify them as a component of the object type.

What is a method in an API? ›

In API Gateway, an API method embodies a method request and a method response. You set up an API method to define what a client should or must do to submit a request to access the service at the backend and to define the responses that the client receives in return.

What are types of methods? ›

There are three main types of methods: interface methods, constructor methods, and implementation methods.

What are the methods in Java? ›

What are Methods in Java? A method in Java is a block of code that, when called, performs specific actions mentioned in it. For instance, if you have written instructions to draw a circle in the method, it will do that task. You can insert values or parameters into methods, and they will only be executed when called.

Is A method the same as a function? ›

A method, like a function, is a set of instructions that perform a task. The difference is that a method is associated with an object, while a function is not.

Why are methods used in coding? ›

These subtasks can be implemented using methods. Methods are time savers, in that they allow for the repetition of sections of code without retyping the code.

How many methods are there in coding? ›

In this post, Changyi, a technical expert from Amap, discusses the six major methods of coding and talks about why you may want to know them all. By Chen Changyi (Changyi) at Alibaba.

What are the four methods of programming? ›

The 4 types of Programming Language that are classified are:
  • Procedural Programming Language.
  • Functional Programming Language.
  • Scripting Programming Language.
  • Logic Programming Language.
  • Object-Oriented Programming Language.
Apr 21, 2021

Is JavaScript a method? ›

JavaScript methods are actions that can be performed on objects. A JavaScript method is a property containing a function definition. Methods are functions stored as object properties.

What are the 5 types of methods? ›

Summary
MethodFocusSample Size
NarrativeIndividual experience & sequence1 to 2
PhenomenologicalPeople who have experienced a phenomenon5 to 25
Grounded TheoryDevelop a theory grounded in field data20 to 60
Case StudyOrganization, entity, individual, or event
1 more row
Oct 13, 2015

How do you explain methods? ›

The methods section should describe what was done to answer the research question, describe how it was done, justify the experimental design, and explain how the results were analyzed.

What are C++ methods? ›

Methods are functions that belongs to the class. There are two ways to define functions that belongs to a class: Inside class definition. Outside class definition.

How methods are called in Java? ›

To call a method in Java, simply write the method's name followed by two parentheses () and a semicolon(;).

How many methods are in C? ›

There are two types of function in C programming: Standard library functions. User-defined functions.

What is method vs function Java? ›

A function in JavaScript is a statement that performs a task or calculates a value, takes in an input, and returns an output as a result of the relationship between the input. A method is a property of an object that contains a function definition. Methods are functions stored as object properties.

Is Python a function or method? ›

But Python has both concept of Method and Function. Method is called by its name, but it is associated to an object (dependent). A method definition always includes 'self' as its first parameter. A method is implicitly passed the object on which it is invoked.

What is a method and which is its purpose? ›

method, mode, manner, way, fashion, system mean the means taken or procedure followed in achieving an end. method implies an orderly logical arrangement usually in steps.

What is the syntax of a method? ›

Methods are similar to functions: we declare them with the fn keyword and a name, they can have parameters and a return value, and they contain some code that's run when the method is called from somewhere else.

How to write a method in SQL? ›

Procedure
  1. Specify a name for the function.
  2. Specify a name and data type for each input parameter.
  3. Specify the RETURNS keyword and the data type of the scalar return value.
  4. Specify the BEGIN keyword to introduce the function-body. ...
  5. Specify the function body. ...
  6. Specify the END keyword.

What is method in database? ›

A database method of a structured type is a relationship between a set of input data values and a set of result values, where the first input value (or subject argument) has the same type, or is a subtype of the subject type (also called subject parameter), of the method.

What is REST API and methods? ›

A RESTful API is an architectural style for an application program interface (API) that uses HTTP requests to access and use data. That data can be used to GET, PUT, POST and DELETE data types, which refers to the reading, updating, creating and deleting of operations concerning resources.

What are the 8 methods of HTTP? ›

Performs a message loop-back test along the path to the target resource.
  • GET Method. A GET request retrieves data from a web server by specifying parameters in the URL portion of the request. ...
  • HEAD Method. ...
  • POST Method. ...
  • PUT Method. ...
  • DELETE Method. ...
  • CONNECT Method. ...
  • OPTIONS Method. ...
  • TRACE Method.

How many HTTP methods are there? ›

The primary or most-commonly-used HTTP verbs (or methods, as they are properly called) are POST, GET, PUT, PATCH, and DELETE. These correspond to create, read, update, and delete (or CRUD) operations, respectively.

Why are they called methods in Java? ›

Java chose to call them "methods" because they fit the already-existing meaning of that word. Had they called them "functions" they would be introduced confusion because that word already has a different meaning.

What are common methods in Python? ›

Some of the most useful functions in Python are print(), abs(), round(), min(), max(), sorted(), sum(), and len().

What are the three types of methods in Java? ›

Different Types of Methods in Java
  • Pre – Defined Methods/ Standard Library Methods/System defined Methods: These are built – in methods in Java, which are instantly available to use in your program. ...
  • User – defined Methods:

How many types of methods in Python? ›

In python there are three different method types. The static method, the class method, and the instance method. Each one of them has different characteristics and should be used in different situations.

What are methods in a class? ›

A method is a procedure associated with a class and defines the behavior of the objects that are created from the class.

What is a method in a class? ›

A method is an executable element defined by a class. InterSystems IRIS supports two types of methods: instance methods and class methods. An instance method is invoked from a specific instance of a class and typically performs some action related to that instance.

What is method and function in programming? ›

Function — a set of instructions that perform a task. Method — a set of instructions that are associated with an object.

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